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Just the Facts
 Ovarian cancer is the second most common type of gynecologic malignancy. However, it is the most common cause of death among women who develop gynecologic cancer. It is the fifth most common cancer in females in the United States.

Most patients with ovarian cancer are diagnosed between the ages of 40 and 65. Symptoms of early stage disease are often vague and may not be specific or severe enough to prompt a woman to seek medical attention. Despite the reputation of being the silent killer, ovarian cancer has some very real signs and symptoms.


Possible Signs & Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer

  • Abdominal bloating or pressure
  • Pelvic or abdominal pain
  • Difficulty eating or feeling full quickly
  • Urinary symptoms (urgency or frequency)
  • Irregular menstrual cycles or abnormal vaginal bleeding
  • Unusual fatigue
  • Back pain, nausea, indigestion
  • Abnormal change in bowel patterns
  • Sexual discomfort

Most of these symptoms can be signs of any number of common conditions, but if they persist for more than a few weeks, consult your physician.


Risk Factors
Although ovarian cancer is most common in women over the age of 50, it can affect women of all ages. Possible risk factors for ovarian cancer include:

  • Family or personal history of ovarian, breast, colon or uterine cancer
  • Never been pregnant and/or use of fertility drugs
  • Increasing age (highest occurrence over age 50)
  • Obesity
  • Jewish descent (Ashkenazi)

There are some things women can do to help reduce their risk of getting ovarian cancer, including:

  • Annual vaginal / rectal exams
  • Use of oral contraceptives (birth control pill) for five or more consecutive years
  • Bearing and breast-feeding children
  • Having a hysterectomy, tubal ligation or removal of the ovaries

Contrary to popular belief, the pap test does not screen for ovarian cancer. In fact, there is currently no specific screening test for ovarian cancer. The best diagnostic tools available for detecting ovarian cancer today are:

  • Annual vaginal / rectal exams
  • CA-125 blood test
  • Transvaginal ultrasound
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